Organizational Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Authoritative Behavior - Research Paper Example Other than trusting that the laborers will search out explanations, data, the administration will move toward them in an immediate way for reasons for getting some information about their instructive needs. For example, most gatherings inside the association end with meeting pioneers requesting questions and demands. I energize that administration and managers move such inquiries to the beginning all things considered. The switch tells laborers that their interests and questions are significant when contrasted with approaching gathering plan. It is basic to creating openings in which increasingly casual time is introduced to workers while interfacing with the administration. Representatives regularly waver from interfering with the bustling managers for asking little things including the data needs. Chiefs giving open doors inside Casual work discussions assist representatives with feeling good and required with the components of sharing the data needs. Ultimately, the methodology improves the nature of the gatherings. The general recommendations from running better gatherings are obtained. Staff relations are engaged with the arranging of gatherings and propelling most extreme productivity (Grandey, Diefendorff and Rupp, 2013, page 121). The coordinator meeting will convey plans just as supporting materials earlier the gathering. Allocating time constrains in the conversation things on the plan will stay away from extensive deviations inside gathering purposes. It is applicable to guarantee that there is assurance in set ting up rules for overseeing gatherings inside the association without side discussions. Reasonable execution assessment of workers includes a scope of contemplations. To accomplish legitimate and reasonable evaluations of workers, it is imperative to keep them satisfactory with the hierarchical desires. Making a decision about workers as for muddled or obsolete models is out of line. Further, work needs and portrayals are liable to change across time. Workers ought to do remarkable employments on

The Defence of the Corporate Veil - Parent Companies Beware! :: Business Management Studies

The Defense of the Corporate Veil - Parent Companies Beware! Much intrigue has as of late been appeared in the potential outcomes of the judgment given in Stocznia Gdanska SA - v-Latvian Shipping Co and others, which was generously maintained by the Court of Appeal on 21 June 2002. In spite of the fact that the case identified with Shipbuilding Contracts, the result has fortified the customary view that the Courts won't face any further disintegration of the key standard of English Company Law that an organization is to be viewed as a lawful substance with a different lawful character, unmistakable from that of its individuals. Nonetheless, the case has featured potential elective wellsprings of obligation for parent organizations setting up completely possessed single-reason auxiliaries - in numerous industry areas, including delivery, property and expensive resource account. The fundamental standards The guideline of isolated corporate character has been built up for longer than a century. In the main instance of Salomon - v-Salomon and Co. (1897), the House of Lords held that, paying little heed to the degree of a specific investor's enthusiasm for the organization, and in any case that such investor had sole control of the organization's undertakings as its administering executive, the organization's demonstrations were not his demonstrations; nor were its liabilities his liabilities. In this way, the way that one investor controls all, or practically every one of, the offers in an organization isn't a adequate explanation behind overlooking the legitimate character of the organization; actually, the shroud of consolidation won't be lifted so as to characteristic the rights or liabilities of an organization to its investors. The essential rule set up in Salomon corresponding to single organizations was stretched out to gatherings of organizations by a nearly ongoing choice of the Court of Appeal in Adams - v-Cape Industries PLC (1990). All things considered, the Court of Appeal held that, as an issue of law, it was not qualified for lift the corporate cloak against a litigant organization, which was an individual from a corporate gathering, just since the corporate structure had been utilized in order to guarantee that the legitimate risk in regard of specific future exercises of the gathering would fall on another individual from the gathering instead of on the litigant organization. As a result, the Court of Appeal dismissed the contention that the corporate cover ought to be punctured on the grounds that a gathering of organizations worked as a solitary financial substance. Related standards and contemplations A result of the fundamental Salomon standard is that an organization can't be portrayed as an operator of its investors except if there is clear proof to show that the organization was in reality going about as an operator in a specific exchange or arrangement of exchanges.

Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT

Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. I want to share a four-step Critical Reasoning (CR) process with you, a process that can be used on any CR problem. Here is the overall process: Step 1: Identify the question. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Step 3: State the goal. Step 4: Work from wrong to right. Those steps might sound obvious to some people and very vague to others. I will explain each in more detail, but I want to say first that each step is there for a very important reason, and each step has been split off from the others for a very important reason.  You can find the  full article on the Manhattan Prep blog, as well as additional articles that illustrate how to use this process with each of the various CR question types. Here are a few additional details for each step: Step 1: Identify the question. Use the question stem to identify the question. Each question type has certain characteristics; learn them. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Arguments can contain up to four main building blocks: premises, counter-premises, conclusions, and background. Every argument has premises, but that is the only component common to all. In addition, some arguments “contain” assumptionsâ€"that is, the assumptions are not written but can be implied based on the premises and conclusion. Step 3: State the goal. Each question type asks us to do a certain kind of reasoning; we need to make sure we know what it is. Each question type  also has common error categories; remind yourself what they are, and you will be less likely to fall for them! Step 4: Work from wrong to right. This is just a fancy way of saying find and eliminate the wrong answers until only one answer is left. Your first focus is elimination; get rid of everything you know is wrong. Do not even ask yourself what might be the right answer until you have gone through all five answers once. Then compare any remaining, tempting answers. Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. I want to share a four-step Critical Reasoning (CR) process with you, a process that can be used on any CR problem. Here is the overall process: Step 1: Identify the question. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Step 3: State the goal. Step 4: Work from wrong to right. Those steps might sound obvious to some people and very vague to others. I will explain each in more detail, but I want to say first that each step is there for a very important reason, and each step has been split off from the others for a very important reason.  You can find the  full article  on the Manhattan Prep blog, as well as additional articles that illustrate how to use this process with each of the various CR question types. Here are a few additional details for each step: Step 1: Identify the question. Use the question stem to identify the question. Each question type has certain characteristics; learn them. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Arguments can contain up to four main building blocks: premises, counter-premises, conclusions, and background. Every argument has premises, but that is the only component common to all. In addition, some arguments “contain” assumptionsâ€"that is, the assumptions are not written but can be implied based on the premises and conclusion. Step 3: State the goal. Each question type asks us to do a certain kind of reasoning; we need to make sure we know what it is. Each question type  also has common error categories; remind yourself what they are, and you will be less likely to fall for them! Step 4: Work from wrong to right. This is just a fancy way of saying find and eliminate the wrong answers until only one answer is left. Your first focus is elimination; get rid of everything you know is wrong. Do not even ask yourself what might be the right answer until you have gone through all five answers once. Then compare any remaining, tempting answers. Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. I want to share a four-step Critical Reasoning (CR) process with you, a process that can be used on any CR problem. Here is the overall process: Step 1: Identify the question. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Step 3: State the goal. Step 4: Work from wrong to right. Those steps might sound obvious to some people and very vague to others. I will explain each in more detail, but I want to say first that each step is there for a very important reason, and each step has been split off from the others for a very important reason.  You can find the  full article  on the Manhattan Prep blog, as well as additional articles that illustrate how to use this process with each of the various CR question types. Here are a few additional details for each step: Step 1: Identify the question. Use the question stem to identify the question. Each question type has certain characteristics; learn them. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Arguments can contain up to four main building blocks: premises, counter-premises, conclusions, and background. Every argument has premises, but that is the only component common to all. In addition, some arguments “contain” assumptionsâ€"that is, the assumptions are not written but can be implied based on the premises and conclusion. Step 3: State the goal. Each question type asks us to do a certain kind of reasoning; we need to make sure we know what it is. Each question type  also has common error categories; remind yourself what they are, and you will be less likely to fall for them! Step 4: Work from wrong to right. This is just a fancy way of saying find and eliminate the wrong answers until only one answer is left. Your first focus is elimination; get rid of everything you know is wrong. Do not even ask yourself what might be the right answer until you have gone through all five answers once. Then compare any remaining, tempting answers. Share ThisTweet GMAT

The Ice Hotel And The Travelodge - 1871 Words

Introduction For a long time researchers are trying to find the perfect recipe for success, however it is very hard to predict the response of the market to a new product and its adaptation to the environment. The Ice Hotel and the Travelodge are two ventures established in the end of 20th century both in the travel and hospitality sector but each one with its own unique business strategy. In evaluation of their success the decisions made throughout the development of the above mentioned ventures can be categorized as effectual and causal, as explained by Sarasvathy (2010). G.Sanvikarja suggests that causational logic is more rational and based on prediction where as the effectual strategy is more creative and is control orientated. Each of these approaches implies different strategies and reasoning behind both individual decisions and responsiveness to the environment. Furthermore, most enterprises follow a set of common principles that are key for building a business strategy including definin g means, setting affordable loss, leveraging contingencies and forming partnerships (S. et. al, 2010). These four aspects are crucial for understanding how is a business created and what is its approach. However, it should be noted that most of the businesses are not strictly effectual or causal, rather a mixture of both with a tilt towards one. Every business is individual and should be treated like one. This paper will examine the business strategies behind the Ice Hotel and theShow MoreRelatedHotel and Marketing Mix Essay4642 Words   |  19 PagesReferences 1. Description of my organisation Travelodge is budget hotel brand that was launch on the UK in 1985 and currently operates more than 450 hotels in Ireland, Spain and the UK. The company is growing very fast and is planning to operate more than 70,000 rooms, approximately over 1000 hotels by 2020 and be the biggest hotels operator in London by the 2012 Olympics. Around eight million people stay with Travelodge every year, booking the rooms online at the company’s webpageRead MoreAnber Inn and Suites6446 Words   |  26 Pageswith Catherine Grace, Vice-President of Advertising. The impromptu meeting followed a day-long senior vice president conference with Joseph James, the company’s new president and chief executive officer. Mr. James, a seasoned hotel financial executive with 40 years of hotel management experience, was appointed the previous week following the sudden resignation of his predecessor. The charge given each of the company’s four senior vice-presidents was to prepare a one-hour presentation that describedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdecrease on the revenues side added to the pressure on cash. Additionally, the tour operators appeared to be the most exposed to the economic downturn because they were handicapped by a high level of ï ¬ xed assets and less able t o manage their airline and hotel capacities.2 In April 2003, TUI also set up TUI China for Chinese tourists visiting Germany. One year later, in April 2004, TUI opened its ï ¬ rst low-cost travel agency in Hamburg, Germany, with Touristik Express to sell low-cost holidays. There wereRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFord’s managers now? Be the Manager How to Manage a Hotel Y ou have been called in to advise the owners of an exclusive new luxury hotel. For the venture to succeed, hotel employees must focus on providing customers with the highest-quality customer service possible. The challenge is to devise a way of organizing and controlling employees that will promote high-quality service, that will encourage employees to be committed to the hotel, and that will reduce the level of employee turnover

Essay Ludwig Van Beethoven - 1163 Words

Ludwig van Beethoven Beethovens importance lies not only in his work, but also in his life (Tames, 4). Included in my report is proof that Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. In this proof is a brief description of his life. This will help you understand how he felt when he wrote his music. Also, there will be a description of all his symphonies. On December 16 or 17, 1770, (date uncertain) at 515 (now 20) Bonngasse Bonn, Germany Beethoven, like Mozart, was born into a small family (Comptons, 1). He took his first lessons on March 26, 1778, (Schmit, 10). In 1787, he went to Vienna to study with Mozart, but he went back to Bonn due to the nature of his mothers sickness (Schmit, 15). This would be the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beethovens third symphony, made in 1803, is the one where he started writing his style which was quite recognizably his own, rather than based on a previous composer (Tames, 16). The third symphony, originally called Bonaparte, was named after Napoleon Bonaparte. Later, Beethoven changed the name to quot;Sinfonia Eroicaquot; (Schmit, 36). Two times as long as any one of Mozarts or Haydens symphonies, the third symphony challenged the idea of what a symphony is. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The fourth Symphony was written in 1807. This symphony shows Beethoven as a good humored person (Schmit, 39). This symphony was smaller and more appealing than the third symphony, and had a more lively style (Thompson, 25). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the year of 1808, he wrote the fifth symphony. He went with Hayden to Esterhà ¡zy Palace at Eisenstadt. His fifth is one of his most famous symphonies. Work on the fifth was started before the fourth and was published after the fourth. This is one of the most popular symphonies of all time, and was performed on the 22 of December 1808. (Schmit, 41) This symphony was made popular because he used many instruments that were not normally use in orchestral works at that time (Thompson, 26). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The sixth symphony, is in a class of its own.Show MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven945 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770 to Johann van Beethoven and his wife, Maria Magdalena. He took his first music lessons from his father, who was tenor in the choir of the archbishop-elector of Cologne. His father was an unstable, yet ambitious man whose excessive drinking, rough temper and anxiety surprisingly did not diminish Beethoven s love for music. He studied and performed with great success, despite becoming the breadwinner of his household by the time heRead More Ludwig Van Beethoven Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pages German composer and pianist, Ludwig van Beethoven, was born December 1770 and spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria. His first teacher was his alcoholic father, who worked as a musician at the Court of Bonn. Teaching him day and night, Ludwig suffered from his fathers harsh and erratic behavior. For a time, he and his father played at the Church. As his fathers alcoholism increased, Ludwig became the main musician. Beethovens talents were discovered at an early age, and he was sentRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven900 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven All throughout music history lived many composers that have impacted not only the societies in which they have lived in, but modern-day society as well. These particular composers have given many societies the chance to listen, feel and express themselves through music and instruments that were invented centuries ago that still remain essential components of music today. One example of a composer that changed the music world drastically was a man by the name of Ludwig van BeethovenRead MoreThe Talent Of Beethoven By Ludwig Van Beethoven1331 Words   |  6 PagesMany of my family members along with some family friends suffer from an extreme lack of hearing just like one of the greatest composers of all time, Ludwig van Beethoven. However, my family members and family friends are not musicians. The talent of Beethoven is very inspiring for not only the deaf, but for other people as well. He created most of his music while suffering from hearing loss which seems to be quite impossible , but somehow he managed to do it. Though his music is without a doubt unbelievablyRead MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people on it as a whole, you see that there are very few influential people whose actions or opinions strongly influence the course of events. Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German musician, is one of those very few. He was an extraordinary musician that lived through hardship and had the horrific fate of deafness, any musician’s worst nightmare. Beethoven left a wall standing in history that captured the art of sounds and worked it beyond imagination into music so fragile and pure yet onerous, unableRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1408 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven When I was 7 years old, my parents signed me up for music school. I did not want to go to music school, but they wanted me just to try. In first class we were just listening classical music and it really sounded boring. But when Beethoven’s fifth symphony came on, I fell in love with classical music and I wanted to study it even more. My sister was also in musical school and she played piano and when I came back from school, I was begging her to play me some of Beethoven’s piecesRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1600 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is known for much of his musical accomplishments. One of his most famous is that he is deaf and yet one of the best musical composers of the classical and romanic area. Beethoven has always been one of my personal favorite composers. When I grew up and started taking piano, Beethoven s Fur Elise was my first large classical piece. Ever since that point on I insisted that when we were in Germany we see his home, and that we did. In this essay I will be explaining Ludwigs YouthRead MoreThe Rise Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Ludwig van Beethoven into the ranks of history s greatest composers was paralleled by and in some ways a consequence of his own personal tragedy and despair. Beginning in the late 1790 s, the increasing buzzing and humming in his ears sent Beethoven into a panic, searching for a cure from doctor to doctor. By October 1802 he had written the Heiligenstadt Testament confessing the certainty of his growing deafness, his consequent despair, and suicidal considerations. Yet, despiteRead MoreLudwig van Beethoven Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic period. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the composers, along with other greats of the time like Haydn and Mozart, which helped to create a new type of music. This new music had full rich sounds created by the new construction of the symphony orchestra. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the town of Bonn, Germany on December 16 of 1770. Bonn is located in western Germany on the Rhine River. Beethoven showed an affinity for music at an early age. His father, Johann, taught Ludwig to play theRead MoreMusic: Ludwig Van Beethoven1670 Words   |  7 Pagesexpressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During the Classical period, Beethoven’s compositions were the expression as one of the most powerful musical personalities. Although Beethoven was influenced by most of the famous composers such as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, etc. but he was also innovated new techniques that will be seen in the next music period. Beethoven built a musical bridge

A Wall Street Journal Article Essay - 1529 Words

In a Wall Street Journal article, Jeanne Whalen (2015) notes, â€Å"Drug prices in the U.S. are shrouded in mystery, obscured by confidential rebates, multiple middlemen and the strict guarding of trade secrets.† In other words, the exact cost to research, develop and bring a specific new drug to market is not made public by U.S. drug companies, and neither is the profit earned on a particular drug. The fact that there are so many players in the supply chain, and these players often have confidential contracts in place with the drug companies, makes it difficult to assess whether or not a drug’s price fairly represents it value. Although terms such as â€Å"fair† and â€Å"value† may be argued as meaning different things to different people, the growing uproar from patients, federal and state governments, physicians, and insurers indicates that the pricing practices of U.S. drug manufacturers have reached a tipping point, with some drug prices being termed â€Å"price gouging.† Because of the secrecy and complexity of our free-market based drug pricing system in the U.S., there are no real protections to ensure that price gouging of patients is mitigated. In contrast, many European nations, which have national health insurance programs funded by the taxpayers and charge little to nothing for prescription drugs, have drug coverage systems which include controls that safeguard the system from price gouging. The call for â€Å"rational drug pricing† is a concept that is gaining momentum in the U.S.Show MoreRelatedA Wall Street Journal Article Analysis1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn an ever changing world we have seen the number and complexity of languages become reduced. In a Wall Street Journal article entitled What the World Will Speak in 2115, John H. McWhorter advocates for the world to see these changes as necessary and a way for communication worldwide to become more efficient and simplified. McWhorter shows how langu age has been streamlined for centuries as a way for citizens to adapt rather than viewed as an extinction of culture. Modern English is likely to becomeRead MoreGeneral Overview Of The Article The Wall Street Journal 1452 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Overview of the Article The Wall Street Journal published an article on November 21st, 2016 by author Sue Shellenbarger about issues concerning sponsored contact and todays school aged generation. The article, â€Å"Most Students Don’t Know When News Is Fake, Stanford Study Finds†, is based on the results of a Stanford Study that was conducted between June of 2015 and June of 2016. The study found that 82% of middle school students couldn’t differentiate between sponsored content and real newsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article A Great Statement On The Wall Street Journal Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesDarnell Davis Dr.Esquvail English Comp 1 Research Paper Mark Peters and Douglas Belkin make a great statement in their wall street journal article â€Å"Surprising Finding on Two-Year Vs Four-Year Degree’s† it states a â€Å"college degree is worth the investment†. Most of the time it is not about what kind of grades you will get or what college your accepted into, it is all about perception, including financial issues, level of independence and wheatear or not a major is already determined. Meanwhile,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article Wall Street Journal Reporter Calvin Lee762 Words   |  4 PagesInterview 1 Wall Street Journal Reporter: Calvin Lee Sarah Herbert and spouse, Woodson (Couple) Montgomery Resident White Ethnicity Attitude towards the Boycott: FOR Famous for supporting the blacks, despite the tension between the two ethnicities and the majority attitude of the whites opposing the boycott. Their lives were at total risk, from ostracism to threats on their loves. INTERVIEWER: Mr and Mrs Herbert, can you please tell us why you chose to be involved in the Boycott? SARAH HERBERT:Read MoreSupply and Demand Essay example1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthe gender of a child before pregnancy and people are satisfying that demand by infertility specialists. The Ventura County Star recently published an article about this subject titled â€Å"Lab Methods Help Parents Pick Babies’ Gender†. This article describes how and why there has been an increase in demand even though there are ethical issues. The article states, â€Å"‘People want it. It’s legal,’ said Dr. Michael Feinman, medical director of HRC Fertility offices in Westlake Village and Encino. ‘In a competitiveRead MoreMajor Economic Journal : Business And Economics Journal907 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness and Economics Journal The first journal I found was Business and Economics Journal which is an open access publisher. The main side gives an overview of useful links like most viewed article, indexing and archiving, eBook etc. Followed by article recommendations based on categories: †¢ Accounting †¢ Business Management †¢ Economics †¢ Finance †¢ Management †¢ Marketing Pursued by a tweet section, Editor Board, and other important information. Nevertheless, this webpage representsRead MoreEssay about Unemployment vs. Inflation895 Words   |  4 PagesUnemployment or Inflation Wall Street Journal Assignment #1 Unemployment and inflation have an inverse relationship meaning that as one increases, the other decreases. According to the textbook, an ideal situation for the Federal Reserve would be to achieve both a low level of unemployment and a low level of inflation. After the 9/11 attacks in New York, the United States was put in a tragic financial crisis that led to the recession in 2008. While the debate for the causes of the 2008 recessionRead MoreShould People Believe in Global Warming?1132 Words   |  5 Pagesbecomes more critical. Since global warming is a severe problem in the world, Bill McKibben wrote the article about the climate change, â€Å"The Reckoning.† He tells that people need to care the three important numbers that relate to global warming. He suggests people to know who make carbon dioxide and what are some effects on the atmosphere. On the other hand, The Wall Street Journal published the article, â€Å"No Need to Panic About Global Warming,† which tells people not to worry about it and actually carbonRead MoreBusiness Communication : Developing Leaders For A Networked World Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesone should consider in evaluating quality data: reliability, relevance, adaptability, expertise, and biases. The five data sources I chose were the Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, JSTOR, and Seth’s blog. The primary reason these sources attract me are for their political and economic information. My primary source would be the Wall Street Journal. I read it for its economic and political issues. This source has been proven to be reliable. The newspaper is the most circulated in the United StatesRead MoreEssay about Tourism in Hawaii1393 Words   |  6 Pagesdestruction (Trask 260). Haunani-Kay Trask uses rhetoric to discuss these harmful effects in her essay Tourist, Stay Home in order to persuade her readers into believing that tourism can actually be a bad thing for an economy. On the other hand, in his article Surfs Up for the Economy in Hawaii, Jim Carlton uses his own form of persuasion to inform his readers of the benefits that Hawaii is receiving from its present tourism boom. While both authors argue their opposing views, they are using the ethos

Elsinore in ashes. (theater in former Yugoslavia) Essay Example For Students

Elsinore in ashes. (theater in former Yugoslavia) Essay Every generation, Jan Kott argues in his seminal work Shakespeare Our Contemporary, should have its own Hamlet. For Kott and his generation, that Hamlet was a figure of the mid-century, a Hamlet in conflict with Stalinism. In fact, different environments and different cultures existing in the same historical period on two opposite sides of the world may have radically different social, artistic and cultural beliefs and needs this specifica differentiae is a crucial determinant of what makes a given performance contemporary and relevant to a given community. So one approaches with wonder and confusion the events and the theatre in that part of the world once known as Yugoslavia. Faced every day with shocking images of death, destruction and brutality from that region of the Balkans, one might well ask: Who is or who could be a Hamlet for our time in such a theatrical space? Or: Where is Hamlet today in that environment torn apart, burned down, raped, ethnically cleansed and purged? Or: Amid such slaughter, is Hamlet possible at all? I would reply that Hamlet is not possible there, and will not be possible there for a long time. This is why. For many years in the former Yugloslavia, Hamlet tested his contemporaneity and validity in the splendid medieval Castle of Lovrjenac in Dubrovnik. For many of us who created theatre there, Lovrjenac that ancient edifice where, in centuries gone by, free spirits who spoke out against the autocratic rulers of Dubrovnik had been imprisoned was, and still is, the most attractive theatrical space in the world. That magic fortification, as one critic described Lovrjenac, has been transformed into streets and squares, into ballrooms and brothels, into monks cells and dark graveyards without any kind of scenery. For more than 50 years, countless theatre artists from all over the world imaginatively transformed Lovrjenac into the home of a contemporary Hamlet his Elsinore. That was in the past. Today, an indifferent world watches other sad and horrifying scenes in the shadow of Lovrjenacs walls. Dubrovniks Elsinore is deserted. Instead of seagulls and doves, black birds bearing death circle its towers. Here time is out of joint, noble Hamlet is overthrown, his theatre is dead, his people are betrayed, his country is devastated. Lovrjenac is today the most truthful metaphor for an unhappy country that once had the chance to be an example to the world of ethnic diversity, multicultural coexistence and integration. There was something rotten in that state of lost illusions: more rotten politicians than true artists, more rotten fathers of nations than true patriots. These senile ideologists and demagogues have taken over the peoples hearts and minds and turned the wheel of history backward to barbarism; preaching blood and soil, they have unleashed national extremism and terror, madness and hatred, blood and ashes. Thus the theatre artists who once made Hamlet alive and possible in Lovrjenac were deprived of their Elsinore. Those who have grazed their skin on that magic castle stone, who have climbed its 193 steps twice a day for years to present the idea of freedom in various languages on its stage, who have braided their diverse ideas, cultures and talents into performance, are not there anymore. They are either in exile in their own ethnic environments or they are fugitives in the endless Western archipelago of marginal existence. There are no credible actors left, one may say, in that disintegrated and fragmented space to perform in front of the national fathers, the usurping kings who like not the comedy. The theatre is expelled from these small and self-isolated islands of primitivism, and there is no one to present the play about the hypocrisy and violence of the rulers, about their tyranny and despotism. There is no one in dust-covered Lovrjenac to show these creatures the mirror in which to see their features. For these narcissists, who would like every artistic deed to glorify their national exclusiveness and their personal greatness, theatre is a devils art that must be purged from the community along with all that is not ethnically pure, not ours. .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .postImageUrl , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:hover , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:visited , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:active { border:0!important; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:active , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cuba libre EssaySo in the strong directorial hands of the fatherlands uber-directors, theatre and life have changed places. While the theatre is marginalized, life is theatricalized to the utmost. Pushed forward on that merciless stage, new actors dressed in full metal jackets perform their Danse Macabre in the ancient Balkan castle. Elsinore is left to Fortinbras mob, his list of lawless resolutes, drinkers and scoundrels, murderers and robbers who have made this part of the world into a Balkan beer hall smelling of sweat and urine. As for Ophelia in that male-dominated environment, Ophelia is just a thing. These new actors have traded Elsinores freedom for a fistful of lies. The castle above whose main gate is wtitten, Freedom is not for sale, even for all the gold on the earth is in possession of ignorants and illiterates. On their road to our ethnically pure fatherland paved by graves, they have transformed Hamlets home (which is not tomb enough and continent to hide the slain) into an endless field of ruin and despair. In some better future under the piles of stones, burnt flesh and ashes, some children will perhaps discover Yoricks skull. And perhaps they will be afflicted by his theatre disease and his admiration of freedom. Perhaps.

What Is Gender Performativity free essay sample

All of us have been assigned a â€Å"sex† when we are born, and we are bound to be men or women. Many of us believe that we belong to a particular sex whilst sex is natural, gender is social and culture constructed. Sex refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women such as reproductive organs; gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. [i] To put it another way, male and female are sex categories, while masculine and feminine are gender categories. In this contemporary society, for males, behavioral traits generally considered masculine include independent, non-emotional, aggressive, tough-skinned, competitive, strong, active, self-confident. In contrast, for females, behavioral traits generally considered feminine include dependent, emotional, passive, sensitive, weak, accepting. Have you ever think that, why a male must act like a man, a female must act like a woman? It is all because of gender socialization. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Gender Performativity? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page During this process, we learned how to behave in the society, to act the expected role of men or women. In other words, that is all of us are taught to perform scripts of the belonged sex. Judith Butler argues that gender is â€Å"performative† and is constructed through â€Å"repeated acts of gender practice. In the following I will give explanation on Judith Butler’s arguments, and based on Bulter’s view, critical analyze the contemporary ideas of masculinity and femininity by discussing people’s clothing, see how are they being gendered. In Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, Judith Butler mentioned gender is an act. The action of gender requires a performance that is repeated. This repetition is at once a reenactment and reexperiencing of a set of meanings already socially established and it is the mundane and ritualized form of their legitimation. Although there are individual bodies that enact these significations by becoming stylized into gendered modes, this â€Å"action† is a public action. These actions are formed by the temporal and collective dimensions, gender is an identity tenuously constituted in time, constituted in an exterior space through a stylized repetition of cts. Gender is instituted through the stylization of the body and, hence, must be understood as the mundane way in which bodily gestures, movements, and enactments of various kinds constitute the illusion of an abiding gendered self. This formulation moves the conception of gender off the ground of a substantial model of identity to one that requires a conception of a constituted social temporality. The act that o ne does, the act that one performs, is, in a sense, an act that has been going on before one arrived on the scene. ii] Hence, gender is an act which has been rehearsed, much as a script survives the particular actors who make use of it, but which requires individual actors in order to be actualized and reproduced as reality once again. [iii] Butler thinks that gender is performative which sees gender is the effect of a series of acts, how we act and walk and speak and talk in ways that consolidate an impression of being a man or being a woman, we have to nominate ourselves as either male or female, which means, it is constructed through multiple acts of gender practice. In Adorned in Dreams: Fashion and Modernity, Elizabeth Wilson stated that â€Å"fashion is obsessed with gender, defines and redefines the gender boundary. †[iv] In this contemporary society, fashion is androgynous, however, we use fashion as a tool to help us to perform the script, and let others to have a clearer identification of our gender. Therefore, fa is one of the most effective examples to demonstrate how masculinity and femininity are gendered. Clothing clarifies cultural ideas about gender; it helps in constructing self-controlling, self-regulating subjects with their â€Å"proper looks†; it adds layers of cultural meanings onto the body. Vision is the first thing to attract peoples attention, clothing is an indicator which help us to determine the sex of a person, for example, there are only little appearance differences between infant boys and infant girls, parents most often use clothing to avoid confusion. Boys are typically dressed in blue color, and often decorated with sporting, cars or superheros prints; girls are dressed in pink and decorated with flowers or hearts. [v] In 2010, there was a news â€Å"Rooms with a hue: The all-pink and all-blue photographs that prove girls and boys develop gender specific preferences to colour† by Daily Mail Reporter, it shows that girls usually like pink and boys usually like blue. [vi] However, before World War II, girl would be thought as butch if she wearing pink. At that time, pink was the boys colour (because its an offshoot of angry red) and blue was the girls colour (because it was thought to be calming and serene). [vii] This can indicate that colour performance is gendered, people set a value on one colour, and use that colour to help them perform their scripts better. Nowadays, blue provides a energetic feeling while pink is a girlish and gentle. Not only the use of colour, but also the types and the cuttings of clothing can illustrate that appearance is gendered. In order to emphasise male and female bodily features, the shoulders part of suit of men are stiffened, and the womens clothing is usually skinny which these can add â€Å"masculinity† and â€Å"femininity† to the body. [viii] The suit especially the stiffened shoulders, can help broadening the shoulders and chest, shows that men are strong. Also, men’s bodies are rendered invisible, which ignored their erotic display and men’s suits are usually promoting â€Å"professional† images of male, show that they are independent and competitive.

Europe between Wars essays

Europe between Wars essays In this compelling account of Europe between the wars, Martin Kitchen outlines the intensifying crisis by looking at the peace settlement, followed by the economic and social troubles of the interwar period. Many of Martins books relate to the wars fought in the twentieth century, from World War I to the origins of the cold war. Europe between the wars starts off with a solid background of how the peace movements took place in the early 1900s followed by Martins profound discussions of the economic repercussions. Later in the book, he discusses the situation in France and Eastern Europe and concludes his book with a chapter on the origins of the Second World War. President Woodrow Wilsons peace movements were seen as sparkling to some while others, including Martin, referred to his fourteen points as vague, impractical and largely unacceptable to his allies. But later in the book he suggests that Wilsons fourteen points were not properly studied and his views and speeches were ignored by the majority. The author then points out the Sykes-Picot Agreement, in which Syria was to go to France and Palestine to Britain. The situation was further complicated by the Balfour Declaration of 1917, which accepted the Zionist demand for a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Even though the book was written in 1988, there was much tension going on in the Israeli occupied areas at that time. Martin does not discuss the background and the eventuality of the treaties in full as these conflicts in the West Bank are key concerns in todays politics. The most absorbing and enthralling chapter of the book is the one that discusses the post war economic situation in Europe. Martin has elaborated the situation by giving facts and statistical figures that include almost every economic aspect and terms used in the modern world. From unemployment to inflation, exchange ...

Job as a professional DJ Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Job as a professional DJ - Essay Example Since this job is somewhat seasonal, I also need to be able to manage the business side of things so that I do not end up in financial distress between jobs. The reason I got started in this business is because I had a vast knowledge of music selections from all eras. Since I have always been an outgoing and easy to work with person, I put my networking and promotional skills to work for me. I basically learned how to deejay on the job. That meant that I needed to learn how to read the crowd and give them what they want to hear. I also needed to carry a wide array of music and music mash ups with me in order to keep my repertoire fresh. I need to further hone my skills as a master showman in order to make my scratching, flipping, and other entertainment stage skills more interesting and enticing for the audience to watch. Although I carry a vast array of music with me to my gigs, there are still times when I do not have the kind of music that the audience wants to hear. I solved that by bringing the right tools with me so that I can easily access music online in order to accommodate my audience desires. I also found myself faced with a crashed disc drive at one gig. That taught me to always bring an external hard drive as back up every time I have an engagement. Since learning to overcome those problems, I have been able to keep my audience happy but I still need to work on my marketing skills. In order to do that I need to work on my communication skills so that I can better sell myself to club owners. As a new DJ, I feel that I was able to easily and speedily adapt to the lifestyle. There are not that many jobs in the market that allow you to get paid to listen to music and party. That is an uncommon perk of a job that makes me the envy of my friends. It is almost like I get paid to party every night rather than work. The only drawback is having to sometimes deal with drunk and rude people during my shows.

Chapter 13 & 14 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Chapter 13 & 14 - Assignment Example The company has been developing new product according to taste and preference and food habits of different geographic segment. But the main aim is to standardize its products globally. This is why the company successfully adopted the concept of think global, act local. Quality of the product ensures its shorter supply chain to get fresh raw food and vegetable products. The company currently has more than 24,500 outlets across the globe and high availability of its product through its worldwide presence enforces the demand and also brand recognition (MacDonald, 2009, p.15). Though the company faces completion from regional players in different regional market but it has segmented brand as premium food and service brand. McDonalds adapts ‘glocal’ i.e. an integrated mix of global and local for its global workforce. All restaurants of this brand consist of local workforce who better understand the demand of the local customers. Physical evidence of this brand is represented by its single message in all the restaurants in the world. Structure and environment of the restaurants, processing of foods and the way of service of the employees in the restores are similar in all McDonald restaurants. High focus on customer service along with the product quality has made it a leading food service brand in the world. The Ritz-Carlton is one of the leading hotel brands in the world. It is recognized for its premium quality of service especially the employees try their best to help in anticipated needs or desire. Service quality is the only area where the leading brands compete with each other. Ritz Carlton provides high quality of training program to its employees to provide best quality service to the customers. This brand always tries to provide unique service quality so that it can drive for future retention of the customers. Key differences are employees training programs, importance on customer satisfaction and service values. Mayo Clinic

Safeguarding the Welfare or Children and Young People Essay Example for Free

Safeguarding the Welfare or Children and Young People Essay Understanding current legislation, policies and procedures is essential to ensure that safe guarding is carried out effectively. Knowing the risks ad possible consequences that children and young people can be affected by is important within a supporting role. It is also important to fully understand the responsibilities and when to take action. Legislations, guidelines and policies are put into place to help protect the welfare and safeguarding of children and young people. Usually parents and carers have the primary responsibility for safeguarding their children but in certain circumstances agencies, families or friends have the responsibility to safeguard their protection. The following is an outline of current legislations, guidelines, policies and procedures within the UK. The United Nations convention on the rights of a child 1989 was approved by the United Kingdom in 1991. â€Å"Article 19 states children’s rights to be protected from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse† (Burnham L 2008 P16) Children Act 2004 This act includes two important sections which focus specifically on children protection. Burnham (2008) says that section 47 states that the local authority has a duty to investigate when ‘they have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found, in their area is suffering, or likely to suffer significant harm. Section 17 states that services must be put into place by local authority to ‘safeguard and promote the welfare of children within their area who are in need’. The Children Act 2004 provides legal framework for ‘every child matters’. Burnham states the act includes the requirements for: Services to work more closely to form a integrated service A common assessment framework to help early identification of need Shared database of information which is relevant to the safety and welfare of children Earlier support for parents who are experiencing problems. Another legislation that is in place is the Education Act 2002. This legislation  sets the responsibility of all people that work in schools to ensure that children are safe and free from harm. These include governing bodies, head teachers, teachers and supporting staff. These legislations are in place to help ensure all children’s safety and wellbeing is monitored. Schools develop policies to ensure the safety, security and wellbeing of their pupils. All staff are given different responsibilities that they must follow. Procedures are also put into place so staff no the correct way to report or support pupils that are in need or in significant harm. â€Å"Policies may be separate or incorporated into one health and safety policy but all must include sections which cover issues of; Safeguarding and protecting, and procedures for reporting E- Safety Bullying, including cyber bullying†. (Burnham L 2008 P17) â€Å"The department for education provides guidance for local authorities including schools. Schools use these guidelines to develop their own policies and procedures† (Burnham L 2008 P17). The department for education guidance are as follows; * Working together to safeguard children (2010) * What to do if you’re worried a child is being abused (2006) This guidance is given to help those working with children. It looks at the actions they should take if they are concerned for a child. This will include who to inform. Agencies such as the children’s social care will be contacted to help with support and caring for the child. The children’s social care, have the key role to safeguard and promote the welfare of children in need. Working together to safeguard children (2010) sets out duties of organisations and how they must work together. LSCB has particular roles and responsibilities to oversee the work of other agencies. If agencies work in partnership, more support and care can be given to children in need. The more professional help the children or young people receive, the less chance of them being affected later on in childhood or adulthood. UCCIS launched in 2008 after being concerned about the safety of the children and young people using the i nternet. There are now codes of practice in schools which will prevent pupils from entering unsafe sites. However their protection at home is their parent’s responsibility. Schools  will try their hardest to support parents by promoting awareness to pupils about normal and not normal activities on the internet. All schools must have a E-safety code of practice and have software in place to prevent pupils from seeing unreasonable software. Schools have a key role in protecting and recognising children that are in need because they spend more time with the pupils than any other agencies or authorities. However it is only their role to protect and support the pupils and inform agencies. The agencies, normally children’s social care are the first contacted after a concern has been raised about a child or young person. Schools will help to show awareness to their pupils to show what is acceptable and not acceptable behaviour, this including awareness of e-safety. When children are using the internet schools have the responsibility to monitor what the pupils are looking at and making sure software is in place to safeguard the children. Schools will have the responsibility to provide additional support to protect pupils on the at risk register. They will have to give the opportunity to all members of staff about additional training in safeguarding pupils. All adults that work with children will have to observe for signs of abuse, monitor and record any concern. All concerns must be referred to, each school having different procedures in place on how to deal with a concern over a pupil. Another agency that works in partnership are the police. They have the responsibility to gather evidence on whether a crime has been committed and produce evidence to agencies or the court if necessary. They have the responsibility to take immediate action if they feel a child is in immediate danger. Health professionals have a major responsibility in the welfare of safeguarding children. They have direct contact within their establishments. Many doctors and emergency services tend to injuries in children and their role is to examine the child or young person and identify if there is a cause of concern that the injury was not sustained accidentally. They have the duty to report to child services if they feel a child has been harmed or may be in need of help and support. The NSPCC is a charitable organisation that works to protect children from harm. They have the power to take immediate action of they feel a child is at risk or being abused or being abused. The police and children’s social care have these powers alongside the NSPCC. NSPCC also support families and children. They promote awareness about abuse through  advertising and training programmes. They offer an emergency helpline for children in distress or harm and provides a helpline to the public. They share their expertise with other professionals, For example they may go into schools to help promote awareness of abuse and show support. Finally children’s social care have the responsibility to safeguard and promote the welfare of children who are in need. They work in partnership with other agencies and parents, giving support when needed. If the children’s social care feel a child is at risk they will follow procedures that are in place. These are as follows as Burnham (2008) states. * Carry out an initial assessment, to find out about the child’s needs, the ability of the parents to meet the child’s needs, family and environment factors. * Meet and conduct interviews with the child or family members * Gather information from other agencies about the child’s circumstances. * Take the lead during a child’s protection conference. * Take action when a child is in immediate danger. In conclusion all agencies work in partnership to safeguard the welfare of children and young people. Guidelines, procedures, policies and legislations are put in place to help people that work with children. They are put in place to prevent a wrong decision being made and to make sure the child’s safety is their priority. All adults that work with children must know all the current procedures so the child can receive the best support that is needed.

Cosmic Life and Death of a Star Essay examples -- physics science spac

Conception Nebula as Star Nurseries Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004). If the nebula is dense enough, certain regions of it will begin to gravitationally collapse after being disturbed. As it collapses the particles begin to move more rapidly, which on a molecular level is actually heat, and photons are emitted that drive off the remaining dust and gas. Once the cloud has collapsed enough to cause the core temperature to reach ten-million degrees Celsius, nuclear fusion starts in its core and this ball of gas and dust is now a star. It begins its life as a main sequence star and little does it know its entire life has already been predetermined. Although this may sound like a simple enough process there are actually several variables that must be just right for birth to happen. For one, the mass of the collapsing particles is crucial and ther... ...e times the mass of the sun. In this case gravity is overwhelmingly strong and is able to crush the neutron star towards zero mass. The result is a black hole with a gravitational field strong enough to not even let light escape (Brusca, 2004). Bibliography Brusca, Stone. Cosmos, Physics 304. Arcata, CA: Dr. Stone Brusca, 2004. Miller, Coleman M. Introduction to neutron stars. University of Maryland. 22 Nov. 2004 Star death: post- main sequence evolution of stars. 22 Nov. 2004 Stellar Birth. 11 Jan. 2004. 22 Nov. 2004 Tyler, Pat. Supernova. NASA’s Heasarc: Education and Public Information. 26 Jan. 2003. 22 Nov. 2004 Cosmic Life and Death of a Star Essay examples -- physics science spac Conception Nebula as Star Nurseries Stars are born in the interstellar clouds of gas and dust called nebulae that are primarily found in the spiral arms of galaxies. These clouds are composed mainly of hydrogen gas but also contain carbon, oxygen and various other elements, but we will see that the carbon and oxygen play a crucial role in star formation so they get special mention. A nebula by itself is not enough to form a star however, and it requires the assistance of some outside force. A close passing star or a shock wave from a supernova or some other event can have just the needed effect. It is the same idea as having a number of marbles on a trampoline and then rolling a larger ball through the middle of them or around the edges. The marbles will conglomerate around the path of the ball, and as more marbles clump together, still more will be attracted. This is essentially what happens during the formation of a star (Stellar Birth, 2004). If the nebula is dense enough, certain regions of it will begin to gravitationally collapse after being disturbed. As it collapses the particles begin to move more rapidly, which on a molecular level is actually heat, and photons are emitted that drive off the remaining dust and gas. Once the cloud has collapsed enough to cause the core temperature to reach ten-million degrees Celsius, nuclear fusion starts in its core and this ball of gas and dust is now a star. It begins its life as a main sequence star and little does it know its entire life has already been predetermined. Although this may sound like a simple enough process there are actually several variables that must be just right for birth to happen. For one, the mass of the collapsing particles is crucial and ther... ...e times the mass of the sun. In this case gravity is overwhelmingly strong and is able to crush the neutron star towards zero mass. The result is a black hole with a gravitational field strong enough to not even let light escape (Brusca, 2004). Bibliography Brusca, Stone. Cosmos, Physics 304. Arcata, CA: Dr. Stone Brusca, 2004. Miller, Coleman M. Introduction to neutron stars. University of Maryland. 22 Nov. 2004 Star death: post- main sequence evolution of stars. 22 Nov. 2004 Stellar Birth. 11 Jan. 2004. 22 Nov. 2004 Tyler, Pat. Supernova. NASA’s Heasarc: Education and Public Information. 26 Jan. 2003. 22 Nov. 2004

American Ethnic Literature

The word ‘ethnic’ denotes or derives from distinctive ways of living created by a group of people. Hence, American ethnic literature must be influenced by the ethnic or cultural ties of an ethnic American author, and must reveal to some extent the distinctive ways of living practiced by the ethnic group that the author represents. Biographical criticism entails a deeper comprehension of an author’s work by knowing the essential details of his or her life.Because writers are real people, the literature that they write generally contains reflections of themselves, the kinds of people they encounter in their lives, and the circumstances that they face. Not all people in the United States belong to the white European race. The Indians were settled on our land before the European whites came along to change the history of the land for ever. Africans were initially brought by the European whites to work as slaves on plantations. The Hispanics and the Asians also entered the land as immigrants.Still, the dominant community in the United States, in terms of population, is that of the European whites. Theirs is the predominant culture in America, and their literature is known as mainstream American literature. At the same time, the Native Americans maintain some of their ancient rites, in spite of America’s predominant culture of the European whites. The African Africans continue to be influenced by the music that their ancestors made on the ships that brought slaves to America (McBride, 2007). The Hispanic Americans and the Asian Americans also maintain aspects of their culture through their distinctive languages and foods.Unsurprisingly, these cultural differences must reveal themselves in American ethnic literature as compared to mainstream American literature. American Ethnic Literature 2 All of the different groups representing the Americans today are maintaining their ethnic differences, even if many of their members feel that they are o ne with the mainstream culture. As a matter of fact, it is but natural for the various ethnicities representing America in our time to be maintaining cultural differences, while trying to fit into the mainstream culture.As mentioned previously, the culture of different ethnic groups must reveal itself in the writings of ethnic American writers. When an American ethnic author does not reveal his or her distinctive culture in literature, however, it is reasonable to claim that the person’s writings represent mainstream American literature. Zane, for example, is an African American author of erotic fiction who is writing mainstream American literature. Although the author belongs to an American ethnic group, her writings do not reflect her ethnicity.She sometimes uses middle-class African American characters in her novels, but she also employs white American characters. Even so, an American writer of European descent may also be expected to do the same. Besides, Zane does not ma ke references in her books to her own race as opposed to the Americans of European descent, and neither does she complain about the problems that the Africans have gone through in America. Rather, the characters in Zane’s erotic novels could be people belonging to any number of races (Zane, 2001; Zane, 2005).One of Zane’s novels, Afterburn, is about a chiropractor in Washington D. C. who visits his local bank because he is interested in one of the employees of the bank. He believes that she is too beautiful to be a single woman, which is the reason why he has never asked her out. When American Ethnic Literature 3 he does, however, he finds out that she has a history of disastrous relationships. He, too, has a broken heart. And so, the two of them finally get together (Zane, 2005). While forming their bond, the man and the woman have to meet a variety of characters who add spice to their relationship.The woman has a fickle minded mother, the man has got playboys as budd ies, and then there are lovers from the past that keep trying to disrupt the new relationship. Nevertheless, Zane manages to turn the relationship into a tie of deep love and longing (Zane, 2005). Most importantly, she creates a story that could happen in anybody’s life. Because Zane is an American, her literature must be considered mainstream American literature. She is an African American, but her literature cannot be considered American ethnic literature seeing that it does not solely reflect the culture and values of the African Americans.Instead, Zane is one of those ethnic American writers who appear to have totally blended into the mainstream American culture. On a similar note, Jamaica Kincaid (1990) in her novel, Lucy, presents a nineteen year old young woman by the name of Lucy Josephine Potter who is trying to forget her roots in the West Indies. In the process, no doubt, the girl is trying to blend into the mainstream American culture. Kincaid is an American ethni c writer who was born in the West Indies (Benson & Hagseth, 2001). A biographical critic might assert that Lucy, the girl who came to North America as a nanny, is a reflection of the author.Regardless, Kincaid’s novel about Lucy may be considered American ethnic literature only because it contains glimpses of the author’s ethnicity. Lucy hated her old home, a British colony; and yet memories of her mother continue to haunt her, taking her back to West Indies. Her mother acts as a symbol for Lucy’s motherland. The American Ethnic Literature 4 girl feels emotionally unattached to her mother, and finds a better motherly model in the United States by the name of Mariah, who acts as a symbol for the new land the girl has come to occupy.Mariah replaces Lucy’s mother with respect to the kinds of feelings people are taught by nature or nurture to feel for their mothers. Moreover, Kincaid’s novel establishes a clear difference between Lucy’s mother a nd the character of Mariah. For example, Lucy’s mother was emotionally dependent on her daughter, to the point of becoming an emotional pain. The mother was also neglectful of the needs of her young daughter. Mariah, on the contrary, treats Lucy as a grownup. She exposes Lucy to the museums of America, and gives her presents.She also looks out for the well-being of the young Lucy during the time that she is adjusting to the new environment (Kincaid). Lucy feels far from her roots in West Indies. She would not read her mother’s letters that arrive in the mail. She wants to avoid the emotional pain that her mother brought into her life, by being oppressively reliant on her daughter. Furthermore, Lucy is trying to leave colonialism behind. She had shown rebellion in West Indies toward the oppressive invasion of the British. She had refused to sing in her school choir, â€Å"Rule, Britannia!† Just as her mother keeps on being brought to mind, colonialism surfaces in young Lucy’s flashbacks of West Indies. She wants to get away from it all. In America and on her own, the young girl would like to be an individualist, able to make her own decisions, and forgetting all that was painful and negative about the past (Kincaid). Because the focus of Kincaid’s book is the girl’s desire to blend into the mainstream American culture while forgetting the past, the novel may also be termed mainstream American American Ethnic Literature 5 literature.Given that it describes the author’s ethnicity thoroughly, however, it must be considered in part American ethnic literature. Amy Tan’s (1989) The Joy Luck Club is similarly part mainstream and part ethnic American literature. Containing sixteen stories that revolve around conflicts between old-fashioned mothers who are Chinese immigrants, and modern daughters who have been raised in the United States, the novel describes the mainstream American culture in addition to the Chines e culture. Tan is an Asian American author, and therefore her writing should have been ethnic American in its entirety.However, her writing reveals that an Asian American author feels like an American before she can relate to the Asian experience. Additionally, although the writer tries to bridge the gap between the two cultures that she is supposed to represent by having her characters travel to China, it is a fact that the American experience cannot be discounted by any means. The only ethnic American authors who write American ethnic literature must be ones who reflect solely on their ethnicity in their works, showing utter disregard for the mainstream American culture.The following passage describes some of these authors: During the years preceding the Civil War, America’s ethnic and racial minorities began to publish novels, poems, histories, and autobiographies that explored what it meant to be an outsider in a predominantly white, Anglo-Saxon, Protestant society. The r esult was a unique body of ethnic writing chronicling the distinctive experience and changing self-image of ethnic Americans. One of the earliest forms of African American literature was the slave narrative, graphic American Ethnic Literature 6first-person accounts of life in bondage, written by former slaves, including William Wells Brown, Frederick Douglass, and Josiah Henson†¦ These volumes not only awoke readers to the hardships and cruelties of life under slavery, they also described the ingenious strategies that fugitive slaves used to escape from bondage. William and Ellen Craft, for example, disguised themselves as master and slave; Henry â€Å"Box† Brown had himself crated in a box and shipped north. †¦Native Americans, too, produced firsthand accounts of their lives. Among the mostnotable is the Life of Ma-Ka-Tai-Me-she-kia-Kiak or Black Hawk (1833), a classic spiritual and secular biography, in which the Sauk warrior explains why he resisted white efforts to seize Indian land in northwestern Illinois during the Black Hawk War (1832). William Apes, a Pequod, published one of the earliest histories from an Indian vantage point in 1836. John Rollin Ridge, a Cherokee journalist, published the first novel by an Indian in 1850, The Life and Adventures of Joaquin Murieta, which recounts the heroic adventures of a Robin Hood–like bandit in California who protects Mexican Americans from white exploitation. Much more than a simple adventure story, this novel is also a thinly veiled protest of the treatment of Native Americans by someone who had personally experienced the removal of the Cherokees from their tribal homelands in Georgia (â€Å"American Ethnic Literature,† 2007). Such is truly American ethnic literature. It focuses solely on the ethnicity of the author, while disregarding if not rejecting the mainstream culture.On the other hand, novels by ethnic American authors that reveal the differences between mainstream Americ an culture as opposed American Ethnic Literature 7 to the authors’ respective ethnicities are not true American ethnic literature. This is due to the fact that the authors as well as their characters have attempted to blend into the mainstream culture by getting rid of their ethnic identities to a large extent. American Ethnic Literature 8 References American Ethnic Literature. (2007). Digital History. Retrieved September 24, 2007, fromhttp://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm? HHID=646. Benson, K. M. , & Hagseth, C. (2001). Jamaica Kincaid. Voices from the Gaps. Retrieved September 24, 2007, from http://voices. cla. umn. edu/vg/Bios/entries/kincaid_jamaica. html. Kincaid, J. (1990). Lucy. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. McBride, J. (2007, April). Hip Hop Planet. National Geographic. Tan, A. (1989). The Joy Luck Club. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons. Zane. (2001). Addicted. New York: Atria Books. ——. (2005). Afterburn. New York: Atria Books.

An Analytical Study of the Impact of Dollar-Rupee Movement...

SYNOPSIS 1. TITLE OF THE STUDY: An analytical study of the impact of Dollar-Rupee movement on Indian equity market. 2. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY: The study is about how the Rupee appreciation or Rupee depreciation against Dollar impacts the investors in Indian equity market. The study details about the concepts of Currency fluctuations, Rupee appreciation and Rupee Depreciation. * Currency fluctuation There are mainly two ways by which currency rates are managed. Firstly, countries fix their currency against dollar. Hence the exchange rate doesn t change. Government takes action to manage any fluctuation that may happen. Secondly, countries leave it to the market to decide their exchange rate. In such a system,†¦show more content†¦5. SCOPE OF THE STUDY: * Indian stock market * Dollar-Rupee fluctuation as a factor affecting Indian stock market * Indian stock exchange Time frame: 60 days 6. RESEARCH DESIGN: Since the study is on effect of Dollar-Rupee fluctuation on the Indian equity market Causal research will be used to show the cause-and-effect relationships. Causal research: The objective of causal research is to test hypotheses about cause-and-effect relationships. Causal Research explores the effect of one thing on another and more specifically, the effect of one variable on another. The research is used to measure what impact a specific change will have on existing norms. This type of research is very complex and the researcher can never be completely certain that there are not other factors influencing the causal relationship, especially when dealing with people’s attitudes and motivations. There are often much deeper psychological considerations that even the respondent may not be aware of. Type of Data: Secondary data Tools for data collection: Internet-Online databases Sampling Method: Judgmental sampling or Purposive sampling - The researcher chooses the sample based on who they think would be appropriate for the study. This is used primarily when there are a limited number of people that have expertise in the area being researched. Sampling size: Past 3 years data 7. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Limitations are the limiting lines that restrictShow MoreRelatedProject Report on Dabur Company7854 Words   |  32 Pagesaward of MASTER IN MANAGEMENT STUDIES(MMS) (Affiliated to university of Mumbai) VIVEKANAND EDUCATION SOCIETY’S INSTITUTE OF STUDIES AND RESEARCH CHEMBUR, MUMBAI Submitted by Sumit B. 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