Organizational Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Authoritative Behavior - Research Paper Example Other than trusting that the laborers will search out explanations, data, the administration will move toward them in an immediate way for reasons for getting some information about their instructive needs. For example, most gatherings inside the association end with meeting pioneers requesting questions and demands. I energize that administration and managers move such inquiries to the beginning all things considered. The switch tells laborers that their interests and questions are significant when contrasted with approaching gathering plan. It is basic to creating openings in which increasingly casual time is introduced to workers while interfacing with the administration. Representatives regularly waver from interfering with the bustling managers for asking little things including the data needs. Chiefs giving open doors inside Casual work discussions assist representatives with feeling good and required with the components of sharing the data needs. Ultimately, the methodology improves the nature of the gatherings. The general recommendations from running better gatherings are obtained. Staff relations are engaged with the arranging of gatherings and propelling most extreme productivity (Grandey, Diefendorff and Rupp, 2013, page 121). The coordinator meeting will convey plans just as supporting materials earlier the gathering. Allocating time constrains in the conversation things on the plan will stay away from extensive deviations inside gathering purposes. It is applicable to guarantee that there is assurance in set ting up rules for overseeing gatherings inside the association without side discussions. Reasonable execution assessment of workers includes a scope of contemplations. To accomplish legitimate and reasonable evaluations of workers, it is imperative to keep them satisfactory with the hierarchical desires. Making a decision about workers as for muddled or obsolete models is out of line. Further, work needs and portrayals are liable to change across time. Workers ought to do remarkable employments on

The Defence of the Corporate Veil - Parent Companies Beware! :: Business Management Studies

The Defense of the Corporate Veil - Parent Companies Beware! Much intrigue has as of late been appeared in the potential outcomes of the judgment given in Stocznia Gdanska SA - v-Latvian Shipping Co and others, which was generously maintained by the Court of Appeal on 21 June 2002. In spite of the fact that the case identified with Shipbuilding Contracts, the result has fortified the customary view that the Courts won't face any further disintegration of the key standard of English Company Law that an organization is to be viewed as a lawful substance with a different lawful character, unmistakable from that of its individuals. Nonetheless, the case has featured potential elective wellsprings of obligation for parent organizations setting up completely possessed single-reason auxiliaries - in numerous industry areas, including delivery, property and expensive resource account. The fundamental standards The guideline of isolated corporate character has been built up for longer than a century. In the main instance of Salomon - v-Salomon and Co. (1897), the House of Lords held that, paying little heed to the degree of a specific investor's enthusiasm for the organization, and in any case that such investor had sole control of the organization's undertakings as its administering executive, the organization's demonstrations were not his demonstrations; nor were its liabilities his liabilities. In this way, the way that one investor controls all, or practically every one of, the offers in an organization isn't a adequate explanation behind overlooking the legitimate character of the organization; actually, the shroud of consolidation won't be lifted so as to characteristic the rights or liabilities of an organization to its investors. The essential rule set up in Salomon corresponding to single organizations was stretched out to gatherings of organizations by a nearly ongoing choice of the Court of Appeal in Adams - v-Cape Industries PLC (1990). All things considered, the Court of Appeal held that, as an issue of law, it was not qualified for lift the corporate cloak against a litigant organization, which was an individual from a corporate gathering, just since the corporate structure had been utilized in order to guarantee that the legitimate risk in regard of specific future exercises of the gathering would fall on another individual from the gathering instead of on the litigant organization. As a result, the Court of Appeal dismissed the contention that the corporate cover ought to be punctured on the grounds that a gathering of organizations worked as a solitary financial substance. Related standards and contemplations A result of the fundamental Salomon standard is that an organization can't be portrayed as an operator of its investors except if there is clear proof to show that the organization was in reality going about as an operator in a specific exchange or arrangement of exchanges.

Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT

Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. I want to share a four-step Critical Reasoning (CR) process with you, a process that can be used on any CR problem. Here is the overall process: Step 1: Identify the question. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Step 3: State the goal. Step 4: Work from wrong to right. Those steps might sound obvious to some people and very vague to others. I will explain each in more detail, but I want to say first that each step is there for a very important reason, and each step has been split off from the others for a very important reason.  You can find the  full article on the Manhattan Prep blog, as well as additional articles that illustrate how to use this process with each of the various CR question types. Here are a few additional details for each step: Step 1: Identify the question. Use the question stem to identify the question. Each question type has certain characteristics; learn them. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Arguments can contain up to four main building blocks: premises, counter-premises, conclusions, and background. Every argument has premises, but that is the only component common to all. In addition, some arguments “contain” assumptionsâ€"that is, the assumptions are not written but can be implied based on the premises and conclusion. Step 3: State the goal. Each question type asks us to do a certain kind of reasoning; we need to make sure we know what it is. Each question type  also has common error categories; remind yourself what they are, and you will be less likely to fall for them! Step 4: Work from wrong to right. This is just a fancy way of saying find and eliminate the wrong answers until only one answer is left. Your first focus is elimination; get rid of everything you know is wrong. Do not even ask yourself what might be the right answer until you have gone through all five answers once. Then compare any remaining, tempting answers. Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything. Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. I want to share a four-step Critical Reasoning (CR) process with you, a process that can be used on any CR problem. Here is the overall process: Step 1: Identify the question. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Step 3: State the goal. Step 4: Work from wrong to right. Those steps might sound obvious to some people and very vague to others. I will explain each in more detail, but I want to say first that each step is there for a very important reason, and each step has been split off from the others for a very important reason.  You can find the  full article  on the Manhattan Prep blog, as well as additional articles that illustrate how to use this process with each of the various CR question types. Here are a few additional details for each step: Step 1: Identify the question. Use the question stem to identify the question. Each question type has certain characteristics; learn them. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Arguments can contain up to four main building blocks: premises, counter-premises, conclusions, and background. Every argument has premises, but that is the only component common to all. In addition, some arguments “contain” assumptionsâ€"that is, the assumptions are not written but can be implied based on the premises and conclusion. Step 3: State the goal. Each question type asks us to do a certain kind of reasoning; we need to make sure we know what it is. Each question type  also has common error categories; remind yourself what they are, and you will be less likely to fall for them! Step 4: Work from wrong to right. This is just a fancy way of saying find and eliminate the wrong answers until only one answer is left. Your first focus is elimination; get rid of everything you know is wrong. Do not even ask yourself what might be the right answer until you have gone through all five answers once. Then compare any remaining, tempting answers. Share ThisTweet GMAT Blog Archive The Process for Tackling Any Critical Reasoning Problem on the GMAT With regard to the GMAT, raw intellectual horsepower helps, but it is not everything.  Manhattan Prep’s  Stacey Koprince  teaches you how to perform at your best on test day by using some common sense. I want to share a four-step Critical Reasoning (CR) process with you, a process that can be used on any CR problem. Here is the overall process: Step 1: Identify the question. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Step 3: State the goal. Step 4: Work from wrong to right. Those steps might sound obvious to some people and very vague to others. I will explain each in more detail, but I want to say first that each step is there for a very important reason, and each step has been split off from the others for a very important reason.  You can find the  full article  on the Manhattan Prep blog, as well as additional articles that illustrate how to use this process with each of the various CR question types. Here are a few additional details for each step: Step 1: Identify the question. Use the question stem to identify the question. Each question type has certain characteristics; learn them. Step 2: Deconstruct the argument. Arguments can contain up to four main building blocks: premises, counter-premises, conclusions, and background. Every argument has premises, but that is the only component common to all. In addition, some arguments “contain” assumptionsâ€"that is, the assumptions are not written but can be implied based on the premises and conclusion. Step 3: State the goal. Each question type asks us to do a certain kind of reasoning; we need to make sure we know what it is. Each question type  also has common error categories; remind yourself what they are, and you will be less likely to fall for them! Step 4: Work from wrong to right. This is just a fancy way of saying find and eliminate the wrong answers until only one answer is left. Your first focus is elimination; get rid of everything you know is wrong. Do not even ask yourself what might be the right answer until you have gone through all five answers once. Then compare any remaining, tempting answers. Share ThisTweet GMAT

The Ice Hotel And The Travelodge - 1871 Words

Introduction For a long time researchers are trying to find the perfect recipe for success, however it is very hard to predict the response of the market to a new product and its adaptation to the environment. The Ice Hotel and the Travelodge are two ventures established in the end of 20th century both in the travel and hospitality sector but each one with its own unique business strategy. In evaluation of their success the decisions made throughout the development of the above mentioned ventures can be categorized as effectual and causal, as explained by Sarasvathy (2010). G.Sanvikarja suggests that causational logic is more rational and based on prediction where as the effectual strategy is more creative and is control orientated. Each of these approaches implies different strategies and reasoning behind both individual decisions and responsiveness to the environment. Furthermore, most enterprises follow a set of common principles that are key for building a business strategy including definin g means, setting affordable loss, leveraging contingencies and forming partnerships (S. et. al, 2010). These four aspects are crucial for understanding how is a business created and what is its approach. However, it should be noted that most of the businesses are not strictly effectual or causal, rather a mixture of both with a tilt towards one. Every business is individual and should be treated like one. This paper will examine the business strategies behind the Ice Hotel and theShow MoreRelatedHotel and Marketing Mix Essay4642 Words   |  19 PagesReferences 1. Description of my organisation Travelodge is budget hotel brand that was launch on the UK in 1985 and currently operates more than 450 hotels in Ireland, Spain and the UK. The company is growing very fast and is planning to operate more than 70,000 rooms, approximately over 1000 hotels by 2020 and be the biggest hotels operator in London by the 2012 Olympics. Around eight million people stay with Travelodge every year, booking the rooms online at the company’s webpageRead MoreAnber Inn and Suites6446 Words   |  26 Pageswith Catherine Grace, Vice-President of Advertising. The impromptu meeting followed a day-long senior vice president conference with Joseph James, the company’s new president and chief executive officer. Mr. James, a seasoned hotel financial executive with 40 years of hotel management experience, was appointed the previous week following the sudden resignation of his predecessor. The charge given each of the company’s four senior vice-presidents was to prepare a one-hour presentation that describedRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesdecrease on the revenues side added to the pressure on cash. Additionally, the tour operators appeared to be the most exposed to the economic downturn because they were handicapped by a high level of ï ¬ xed assets and less able t o manage their airline and hotel capacities.2 In April 2003, TUI also set up TUI China for Chinese tourists visiting Germany. One year later, in April 2004, TUI opened its ï ¬ rst low-cost travel agency in Hamburg, Germany, with Touristik Express to sell low-cost holidays. There wereRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesFord’s managers now? Be the Manager How to Manage a Hotel Y ou have been called in to advise the owners of an exclusive new luxury hotel. For the venture to succeed, hotel employees must focus on providing customers with the highest-quality customer service possible. The challenge is to devise a way of organizing and controlling employees that will promote high-quality service, that will encourage employees to be committed to the hotel, and that will reduce the level of employee turnover

Essay Ludwig Van Beethoven - 1163 Words

Ludwig van Beethoven Beethovens importance lies not only in his work, but also in his life (Tames, 4). Included in my report is proof that Beethoven was one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. In this proof is a brief description of his life. This will help you understand how he felt when he wrote his music. Also, there will be a description of all his symphonies. On December 16 or 17, 1770, (date uncertain) at 515 (now 20) Bonngasse Bonn, Germany Beethoven, like Mozart, was born into a small family (Comptons, 1). He took his first lessons on March 26, 1778, (Schmit, 10). In 1787, he went to Vienna to study with Mozart, but he went back to Bonn due to the nature of his mothers sickness (Schmit, 15). This would be the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Beethovens third symphony, made in 1803, is the one where he started writing his style which was quite recognizably his own, rather than based on a previous composer (Tames, 16). The third symphony, originally called Bonaparte, was named after Napoleon Bonaparte. Later, Beethoven changed the name to quot;Sinfonia Eroicaquot; (Schmit, 36). Two times as long as any one of Mozarts or Haydens symphonies, the third symphony challenged the idea of what a symphony is. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The fourth Symphony was written in 1807. This symphony shows Beethoven as a good humored person (Schmit, 39). This symphony was smaller and more appealing than the third symphony, and had a more lively style (Thompson, 25). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the year of 1808, he wrote the fifth symphony. He went with Hayden to Esterhà ¡zy Palace at Eisenstadt. His fifth is one of his most famous symphonies. Work on the fifth was started before the fourth and was published after the fourth. This is one of the most popular symphonies of all time, and was performed on the 22 of December 1808. (Schmit, 41) This symphony was made popular because he used many instruments that were not normally use in orchestral works at that time (Thompson, 26). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The sixth symphony, is in a class of its own.Show MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven945 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770 to Johann van Beethoven and his wife, Maria Magdalena. He took his first music lessons from his father, who was tenor in the choir of the archbishop-elector of Cologne. His father was an unstable, yet ambitious man whose excessive drinking, rough temper and anxiety surprisingly did not diminish Beethoven s love for music. He studied and performed with great success, despite becoming the breadwinner of his household by the time heRead More Ludwig Van Beethoven Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pages German composer and pianist, Ludwig van Beethoven, was born December 1770 and spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria. His first teacher was his alcoholic father, who worked as a musician at the Court of Bonn. Teaching him day and night, Ludwig suffered from his fathers harsh and erratic behavior. For a time, he and his father played at the Church. As his fathers alcoholism increased, Ludwig became the main musician. Beethovens talents were discovered at an early age, and he was sentRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven900 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven All throughout music history lived many composers that have impacted not only the societies in which they have lived in, but modern-day society as well. These particular composers have given many societies the chance to listen, feel and express themselves through music and instruments that were invented centuries ago that still remain essential components of music today. One example of a composer that changed the music world drastically was a man by the name of Ludwig van BeethovenRead MoreThe Talent Of Beethoven By Ludwig Van Beethoven1331 Words   |  6 PagesMany of my family members along with some family friends suffer from an extreme lack of hearing just like one of the greatest composers of all time, Ludwig van Beethoven. However, my family members and family friends are not musicians. The talent of Beethoven is very inspiring for not only the deaf, but for other people as well. He created most of his music while suffering from hearing loss which seems to be quite impossible , but somehow he managed to do it. Though his music is without a doubt unbelievablyRead MoreEssay on Ludwig Van Beethoven1148 Words   |  5 Pagesthe people on it as a whole, you see that there are very few influential people whose actions or opinions strongly influence the course of events. Ludwig Van Beethoven, a German musician, is one of those very few. He was an extraordinary musician that lived through hardship and had the horrific fate of deafness, any musician’s worst nightmare. Beethoven left a wall standing in history that captured the art of sounds and worked it beyond imagination into music so fragile and pure yet onerous, unableRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1408 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven When I was 7 years old, my parents signed me up for music school. I did not want to go to music school, but they wanted me just to try. In first class we were just listening classical music and it really sounded boring. But when Beethoven’s fifth symphony came on, I fell in love with classical music and I wanted to study it even more. My sister was also in musical school and she played piano and when I came back from school, I was begging her to play me some of Beethoven’s piecesRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1600 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is known for much of his musical accomplishments. One of his most famous is that he is deaf and yet one of the best musical composers of the classical and romanic area. Beethoven has always been one of my personal favorite composers. When I grew up and started taking piano, Beethoven s Fur Elise was my first large classical piece. Ever since that point on I insisted that when we were in Germany we see his home, and that we did. In this essay I will be explaining Ludwigs YouthRead MoreThe Rise Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1458 Words   |  6 PagesThe rise of Ludwig van Beethoven into the ranks of history s greatest composers was paralleled by and in some ways a consequence of his own personal tragedy and despair. Beginning in the late 1790 s, the increasing buzzing and humming in his ears sent Beethoven into a panic, searching for a cure from doctor to doctor. By October 1802 he had written the Heiligenstadt Testament confessing the certainty of his growing deafness, his consequent despair, and suicidal considerations. Yet, despiteRead MoreLudwig van Beethoven Essay952 Words   |  4 Pagesmusic period. Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the composers, along with other greats of the time like Haydn and Mozart, which helped to create a new type of music. This new music had full rich sounds created by the new construction of the symphony orchestra. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in the town of Bonn, Germany on December 16 of 1770. Bonn is located in western Germany on the Rhine River. Beethoven showed an affinity for music at an early age. His father, Johann, taught Ludwig to play theRead MoreMusic: Ludwig Van Beethoven1670 Words   |  7 Pagesexpressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During the Classical period, Beethoven’s compositions were the expression as one of the most powerful musical personalities. Although Beethoven was influenced by most of the famous composers such as Franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, etc. but he was also innovated new techniques that will be seen in the next music period. Beethoven built a musical bridge

A Wall Street Journal Article Essay - 1529 Words

In a Wall Street Journal article, Jeanne Whalen (2015) notes, â€Å"Drug prices in the U.S. are shrouded in mystery, obscured by confidential rebates, multiple middlemen and the strict guarding of trade secrets.† In other words, the exact cost to research, develop and bring a specific new drug to market is not made public by U.S. drug companies, and neither is the profit earned on a particular drug. The fact that there are so many players in the supply chain, and these players often have confidential contracts in place with the drug companies, makes it difficult to assess whether or not a drug’s price fairly represents it value. Although terms such as â€Å"fair† and â€Å"value† may be argued as meaning different things to different people, the growing uproar from patients, federal and state governments, physicians, and insurers indicates that the pricing practices of U.S. drug manufacturers have reached a tipping point, with some drug prices being termed â€Å"price gouging.† Because of the secrecy and complexity of our free-market based drug pricing system in the U.S., there are no real protections to ensure that price gouging of patients is mitigated. In contrast, many European nations, which have national health insurance programs funded by the taxpayers and charge little to nothing for prescription drugs, have drug coverage systems which include controls that safeguard the system from price gouging. The call for â€Å"rational drug pricing† is a concept that is gaining momentum in the U.S.Show MoreRelatedA Wall Street Journal Article Analysis1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn an ever changing world we have seen the number and complexity of languages become reduced. In a Wall Street Journal article entitled What the World Will Speak in 2115, John H. McWhorter advocates for the world to see these changes as necessary and a way for communication worldwide to become more efficient and simplified. McWhorter shows how langu age has been streamlined for centuries as a way for citizens to adapt rather than viewed as an extinction of culture. Modern English is likely to becomeRead MoreGeneral Overview Of The Article The Wall Street Journal 1452 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral Overview of the Article The Wall Street Journal published an article on November 21st, 2016 by author Sue Shellenbarger about issues concerning sponsored contact and todays school aged generation. The article, â€Å"Most Students Don’t Know When News Is Fake, Stanford Study Finds†, is based on the results of a Stanford Study that was conducted between June of 2015 and June of 2016. The study found that 82% of middle school students couldn’t differentiate between sponsored content and real newsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article A Great Statement On The Wall Street Journal Essay1058 Words   |  5 PagesDarnell Davis Dr.Esquvail English Comp 1 Research Paper Mark Peters and Douglas Belkin make a great statement in their wall street journal article â€Å"Surprising Finding on Two-Year Vs Four-Year Degree’s† it states a â€Å"college degree is worth the investment†. Most of the time it is not about what kind of grades you will get or what college your accepted into, it is all about perception, including financial issues, level of independence and wheatear or not a major is already determined. Meanwhile,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Article Wall Street Journal Reporter Calvin Lee762 Words   |  4 PagesInterview 1 Wall Street Journal Reporter: Calvin Lee Sarah Herbert and spouse, Woodson (Couple) Montgomery Resident White Ethnicity Attitude towards the Boycott: FOR Famous for supporting the blacks, despite the tension between the two ethnicities and the majority attitude of the whites opposing the boycott. Their lives were at total risk, from ostracism to threats on their loves. INTERVIEWER: Mr and Mrs Herbert, can you please tell us why you chose to be involved in the Boycott? SARAH HERBERT:Read MoreSupply and Demand Essay example1735 Words   |  7 Pagesthe gender of a child before pregnancy and people are satisfying that demand by infertility specialists. The Ventura County Star recently published an article about this subject titled â€Å"Lab Methods Help Parents Pick Babies’ Gender†. This article describes how and why there has been an increase in demand even though there are ethical issues. The article states, â€Å"‘People want it. It’s legal,’ said Dr. Michael Feinman, medical director of HRC Fertility offices in Westlake Village and Encino. ‘In a competitiveRead MoreMajor Economic Journal : Business And Economics Journal907 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness and Economics Journal The first journal I found was Business and Economics Journal which is an open access publisher. The main side gives an overview of useful links like most viewed article, indexing and archiving, eBook etc. Followed by article recommendations based on categories: †¢ Accounting †¢ Business Management †¢ Economics †¢ Finance †¢ Management †¢ Marketing Pursued by a tweet section, Editor Board, and other important information. Nevertheless, this webpage representsRead MoreEssay about Unemployment vs. Inflation895 Words   |  4 PagesUnemployment or Inflation Wall Street Journal Assignment #1 Unemployment and inflation have an inverse relationship meaning that as one increases, the other decreases. According to the textbook, an ideal situation for the Federal Reserve would be to achieve both a low level of unemployment and a low level of inflation. After the 9/11 attacks in New York, the United States was put in a tragic financial crisis that led to the recession in 2008. While the debate for the causes of the 2008 recessionRead MoreShould People Believe in Global Warming?1132 Words   |  5 Pagesbecomes more critical. Since global warming is a severe problem in the world, Bill McKibben wrote the article about the climate change, â€Å"The Reckoning.† He tells that people need to care the three important numbers that relate to global warming. He suggests people to know who make carbon dioxide and what are some effects on the atmosphere. On the other hand, The Wall Street Journal published the article, â€Å"No Need to Panic About Global Warming,† which tells people not to worry about it and actually carbonRead MoreBusiness Communication : Developing Leaders For A Networked World Essay933 Words   |  4 Pagesone should consider in evaluating quality data: reliability, relevance, adaptability, expertise, and biases. The five data sources I chose were the Wall Street Journal, CNN, Fox News, JSTOR, and Seth’s blog. The primary reason these sources attract me are for their political and economic information. My primary source would be the Wall Street Journal. I read it for its economic and political issues. This source has been proven to be reliable. The newspaper is the most circulated in the United StatesRead MoreEssay about Tourism in Hawaii1393 Words   |  6 Pagesdestruction (Trask 260). Haunani-Kay Trask uses rhetoric to discuss these harmful effects in her essay Tourist, Stay Home in order to persuade her readers into believing that tourism can actually be a bad thing for an economy. On the other hand, in his article Surfs Up for the Economy in Hawaii, Jim Carlton uses his own form of persuasion to inform his readers of the benefits that Hawaii is receiving from its present tourism boom. While both authors argue their opposing views, they are using the ethos

Elsinore in ashes. (theater in former Yugoslavia) Essay Example For Students

Elsinore in ashes. (theater in former Yugoslavia) Essay Every generation, Jan Kott argues in his seminal work Shakespeare Our Contemporary, should have its own Hamlet. For Kott and his generation, that Hamlet was a figure of the mid-century, a Hamlet in conflict with Stalinism. In fact, different environments and different cultures existing in the same historical period on two opposite sides of the world may have radically different social, artistic and cultural beliefs and needs this specifica differentiae is a crucial determinant of what makes a given performance contemporary and relevant to a given community. So one approaches with wonder and confusion the events and the theatre in that part of the world once known as Yugoslavia. Faced every day with shocking images of death, destruction and brutality from that region of the Balkans, one might well ask: Who is or who could be a Hamlet for our time in such a theatrical space? Or: Where is Hamlet today in that environment torn apart, burned down, raped, ethnically cleansed and purged? Or: Amid such slaughter, is Hamlet possible at all? I would reply that Hamlet is not possible there, and will not be possible there for a long time. This is why. For many years in the former Yugloslavia, Hamlet tested his contemporaneity and validity in the splendid medieval Castle of Lovrjenac in Dubrovnik. For many of us who created theatre there, Lovrjenac that ancient edifice where, in centuries gone by, free spirits who spoke out against the autocratic rulers of Dubrovnik had been imprisoned was, and still is, the most attractive theatrical space in the world. That magic fortification, as one critic described Lovrjenac, has been transformed into streets and squares, into ballrooms and brothels, into monks cells and dark graveyards without any kind of scenery. For more than 50 years, countless theatre artists from all over the world imaginatively transformed Lovrjenac into the home of a contemporary Hamlet his Elsinore. That was in the past. Today, an indifferent world watches other sad and horrifying scenes in the shadow of Lovrjenacs walls. Dubrovniks Elsinore is deserted. Instead of seagulls and doves, black birds bearing death circle its towers. Here time is out of joint, noble Hamlet is overthrown, his theatre is dead, his people are betrayed, his country is devastated. Lovrjenac is today the most truthful metaphor for an unhappy country that once had the chance to be an example to the world of ethnic diversity, multicultural coexistence and integration. There was something rotten in that state of lost illusions: more rotten politicians than true artists, more rotten fathers of nations than true patriots. These senile ideologists and demagogues have taken over the peoples hearts and minds and turned the wheel of history backward to barbarism; preaching blood and soil, they have unleashed national extremism and terror, madness and hatred, blood and ashes. Thus the theatre artists who once made Hamlet alive and possible in Lovrjenac were deprived of their Elsinore. Those who have grazed their skin on that magic castle stone, who have climbed its 193 steps twice a day for years to present the idea of freedom in various languages on its stage, who have braided their diverse ideas, cultures and talents into performance, are not there anymore. They are either in exile in their own ethnic environments or they are fugitives in the endless Western archipelago of marginal existence. There are no credible actors left, one may say, in that disintegrated and fragmented space to perform in front of the national fathers, the usurping kings who like not the comedy. The theatre is expelled from these small and self-isolated islands of primitivism, and there is no one to present the play about the hypocrisy and violence of the rulers, about their tyranny and despotism. There is no one in dust-covered Lovrjenac to show these creatures the mirror in which to see their features. For these narcissists, who would like every artistic deed to glorify their national exclusiveness and their personal greatness, theatre is a devils art that must be purged from the community along with all that is not ethnically pure, not ours. .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .postImageUrl , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:hover , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:visited , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:active { border:0!important; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:active , .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6 .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87682cf23833daddcc8c470ec28eedf6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cuba libre EssaySo in the strong directorial hands of the fatherlands uber-directors, theatre and life have changed places. While the theatre is marginalized, life is theatricalized to the utmost. Pushed forward on that merciless stage, new actors dressed in full metal jackets perform their Danse Macabre in the ancient Balkan castle. Elsinore is left to Fortinbras mob, his list of lawless resolutes, drinkers and scoundrels, murderers and robbers who have made this part of the world into a Balkan beer hall smelling of sweat and urine. As for Ophelia in that male-dominated environment, Ophelia is just a thing. These new actors have traded Elsinores freedom for a fistful of lies. The castle above whose main gate is wtitten, Freedom is not for sale, even for all the gold on the earth is in possession of ignorants and illiterates. On their road to our ethnically pure fatherland paved by graves, they have transformed Hamlets home (which is not tomb enough and continent to hide the slain) into an endless field of ruin and despair. In some better future under the piles of stones, burnt flesh and ashes, some children will perhaps discover Yoricks skull. And perhaps they will be afflicted by his theatre disease and his admiration of freedom. Perhaps.